Swallowing characteristics in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Motor neurone disease also commonly known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurological condition which affects various motor functions of the body. Dysphagia (disordered swallowing) is commonly seen in patients with ALS having bulbar symptoms.

Research reveals presence of dysphagia in patients with ALS at various stages of swallowing using instrumental assessment. However, very few studies have been done focussing on clinical profiling of swallowing in these patients. Hence, a need was felt to profile the specific characteristics.

Five patients diagnosed with ALS were assessed for presence of swallowing disorder using a swallowing checklist which focussed on assessing each stage of swallowing.

Results revealed that patients with ALS exhibit difficulties in oral preparatory, oral and pharyngeal stages of swallowing. Inability to hold bolus, reduced mastication, residue in the oral cavity and nasal regurgitation while swallow were observed due to the affected oromotor functions. Swallow reflex was delayed in all the patients. Cough before and during swallow was also observed.

Dysphagia is a common symptom in patients with ALS and occurs due to the affected oromotor functions. Specific information of the stages of swallowing helps in planning treatment in clinical practice.