External validation of the IOTA ADNEX model performed by two independent gynecologic centers

The external, two-center validation of the IOTA ADNEX model for differential diagnosis of adnexal tumors.

A total of 204 patients with adnexal masses (134 benign and 70 malignant) treated at the Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland (Center I), and 123 patients (89 benign and 34 malignant) from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain (Center II), were enrolled into the study.

ADNEX achieved high accuracy in discriminating between malignant and benign ovarian tumors in both centers (79.9% and 81.3% in Centers I and II, respectively). Multiclass accuracy was substantially lower than in binary classification (malignant vs. benign): 64.2% and 74.0% in Centers I and II, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of specific tumor types in Center I were as follows: benign tumors - 72.4% and 94.3%; borderline tumors - 33.3% and 87.0%, stage I ovarian cancers - 00.0% and 91.8%; stage II-IV ovarian cancers - 68.2% and 83.1%; and metastatic tumors - 00.0% and 99.5%. Sensitivity and specificity in Center II were as follows: benign tumors - 75.3% and 97.1%; borderline tumors - 50.0% and 88.2%, stage I ovarian cancers - 40.0% and 97.5%; stage II-IV ovarian cancers - 95.0% and 88.3%; and metastatic tumors - 20.0% and 98.3%.

ADNEX is characterized by very high accuracy in differentiating between malignant and benign adnexal tumors. However, prediction of ovarian tumor types could be more accurate.