Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

5.0K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
5.0K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

6.2K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
6.2K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

7.8K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.8K
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

11.8K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
11.8K
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

5.9K
5.9K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

10.9K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Three little pigs and one big bad wolf: The parable of data sharing in epidemiology.

Global epidemiology·2026
Same author

Prediction of exposure to chrysotile asbestos fibers among Quebec miners and millers based on impinger measurements.

Annals of work exposures and health·2026
Same author

A new sparse Bayesian quantile neural network-based approach and its application to discover physiological sweet spots in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Establishment of harmonized international reference ranges for plasma estradiol concentrations in postmenopausal women.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Fear of COVID-19 over the first year of the pandemic: Effect on anxiety, depression, and substance use, taking mental health support into account.

Global epidemiology·2026
Same author

Genome-wide association study and pathway analysis of healthy aging in Super Seniors.

GeroScience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Salidroside's Molecular Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Treatment
11:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Salidroside's Molecular Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Treatment

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.5K

Polymorphisms of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Pathway Genes and Breast Cancer Risk.

Joy Shi1, Kristan J Aronson1, Anne Grundy2

  • 1Department of Public Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University , Kingston, ON , Canada.

Frontiers in Oncology
|July 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variants in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathway influence breast cancer risk. Specific IGF1 gene polymorphisms are associated with risk in European and East Asian women, with interactions by menopausal status and tumor subtype observed.

Keywords:
IGFbreast cancerbreast cancer subtypescase–controlinteractionspolymorphisms

More Related Videos

Performing Data Mining And Integrative Analysis Of Biomarker in Breast Cancer Using Multiple Publicly Accessible Databases
07:41

Performing Data Mining And Integrative Analysis Of Biomarker in Breast Cancer Using Multiple Publicly Accessible Databases

Published on: May 17, 2019

9.7K
Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Salidroside's Molecular Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Treatment
11:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Salidroside's Molecular Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Treatment

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.5K
Performing Data Mining And Integrative Analysis Of Biomarker in Breast Cancer Using Multiple Publicly Accessible Databases
07:41

Performing Data Mining And Integrative Analysis Of Biomarker in Breast Cancer Using Multiple Publicly Accessible Databases

Published on: May 17, 2019

9.7K
Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathway genetic variants are linked to breast density and IGF1 levels.
  • These variants may influence breast cancer risk through pro-survival signaling.
  • Understanding these genetic associations is crucial for breast cancer etiology research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between IGF1 pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer risk.
  • To examine potential interactions between these SNPs, menopausal status, and breast tumor subtype.
  • To compare findings across European and East Asian populations.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study involving 1,037 cases and 1,050 controls.
  • Analysis of 22 SNPs across 5 IGF1 pathway genes using logistic regression.
  • Stratified analyses by ethnicity, menopausal status, and breast tumor subtype.

Main Results:

  • Two IGF1 SNPs (rs1019731, rs12821878) associated with breast cancer risk in European women.
  • Four linked IGF1 SNPs modified by menopausal status in East Asian women, linked to postmenopausal breast cancer.
  • One SNP (rs2288378) association modified by tumor subtype in East Asian women.

Conclusions:

  • Several IGF1 polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer risk.
  • These associations can be modified by menopausal status and breast tumor subtype.
  • Considering these interactions is important for evaluating the role of IGF1 variants in breast cancer development.