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Related Concept Videos

Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

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Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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Kinetochore assembly and function through the cell cycle.

Harsh Nagpal1,2, Tatsuo Fukagawa3

  • 1Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.

Chromosoma
|July 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This review details the kinetochore, a crucial structure for cell division, explaining its assembly and function. It highlights how different kinetochore parts depend on each other for proper cell cycle regulation.

Keywords:
CCANCell cycleCentromereKMNKinetochore

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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The kinetochore is vital for accurate chromosome segregation during eukaryotic cell division.
  • Its complex structure, bridging spindle microtubules and chromosomes at the centromere, presents challenges in understanding its formation and function.
  • Recent research offers new insights into centromere identity and kinetochore assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the function and regulation of key kinetochore components.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing kinetochore assembly and operation.
  • To describe the cell cycle-dependent regulation of kinetochore sub-complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on kinetochore biology.
  • Analysis of molecular interactions and localization dependencies within the kinetochore.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on cell cycle regulation of kinetochore function.

Main Results:

  • Key kinetochore components and their functions are discussed.
  • Reciprocal localization dependencies between kinetochore sub-complexes are highlighted.
  • Regulation of kinetochore function throughout the cell cycle is described.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding kinetochore assembly and function is critical for comprehending chromosome segregation.
  • The coordinated action and regulation of kinetochore sub-complexes are essential for cell cycle progression.
  • Continued research is vital for a complete picture of this complex cellular machinery.