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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells
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Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Diagnosis.

Mu-Sheng Zeng1

  • 1Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, China. zengmsh@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) show promise as noninvasive biomarkers for early cancer detection and molecular staging. Their dysregulation is linked to various cancers, making them valuable for diagnosis and monitoring via body fluid assays.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Accurate tumor treatment relies on early and precise cancer diagnosis.
  • Histopathology is the gold standard, but noninvasive biomarkers offer new avenues for early detection and staging.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as critical biomarkers due to their association with cancer development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diagnostic roles of various ncRNA types in major human cancers.
  • To review recent advancements in detecting and applying circulating ncRNAs from body fluids for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and summarization of existing research on ncRNAs in cancer diagnosis.
  • Focus on circulating serum/plasma ncRNAs and non-blood fluid ncRNAs.
Keywords:
Cancer diagnosisCirculating ncRNAExosomeNoncoding RNA

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  • Discussion of detection methodologies and clinical applications.

    • Main Results:

    • Dysregulation of ncRNAs is a hallmark of numerous cancers, including liver, lung, breast, and gastric.
    • Circulating and non-blood fluid ncRNAs show potential as accessible biomarkers.
    • Noninvasive body fluid assays facilitate easier cancer diagnosis and monitoring.

    Conclusions:

    • ncRNAs represent a novel and promising class of noninvasive biomarkers for cancer.
    • The detection and application of ncRNAs in body fluids are advancing rapidly.
    • ncRNAs hold significant potential for improving early cancer detection, staging, and monitoring.