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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Single spin magnetic resonance.

Jörg Wrachtrup1, Amit Finkler2

  • 13. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|July 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diamond spin defects enable routine optical detection of single electron and nuclear spins. These robust sensors offer ultra-sensitive magnetic resonance with nanoscale resolution for diverse applications.

Keywords:
Electron spin resonanceNitrogen-vacancy center in diamondNuclear magnetic resonance

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum sensing
  • Materials science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Advances in magnetic resonance techniques have enabled single spin sensitivity.
  • Optical detection of single electron and nuclear spins is becoming routine.
  • Diamond spin defects are robust, addressable, and controllable under ambient conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review magnetic resonance techniques, focusing on diamond defect spin sensors.
  • To highlight the potential of diamond sensors for ultra-sensitive magnetic resonance.
  • To showcase their application in nanoscale spatial resolution sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing diamond defect spin sensors for detection and manipulation.
  • Adapting classic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) pulse sequences.
  • Employing high-resolution optical microscopy for readout.

Main Results:

  • Diamond spin defects allow for single electron and nuclear spin detection.
  • These sensors can detect other quantities like force, pressure, and temperature.
  • Demonstrated potential for magnetic resonance detectors with single spin sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Diamond spin defect sensors are versatile and robust for sensing applications.
  • They offer ultra-sensitive magnetic resonance with nanoscale spatial resolution.
  • Ambient condition operation enables broad interdisciplinary applications.