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Physical Activity During the Early Years: A Systematic Review of Correlates and Determinants

Daniel D Bingham1, Silvia Costa2, Trina Hinkley3

  • 1School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|July 6, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Physical activity in early childhood is crucial for development. Male sex, parental activity, and outdoor time were linked to total physical activity, but high-quality research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Physical activity (PA) in early childhood (0-6 years) is essential for healthy development.
  • Identifying factors influencing children's PA is key for designing effective interventions.
  • This review focuses on correlates and determinants of PA in preschool-aged children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize evidence on correlates and determinants of physical activity in early childhood.
  • To examine associations across different types of PA (total, moderate-to-vigorous, light).
  • To assess consistency of findings between objective and subjective PA measures.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 130 observational studies published in English peer-reviewed journals.
  • Searched nine electronic databases from inception to September 2014.
  • Analyzed data using an ecologic model framework, considering demographic, social, and environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • Male sex, parental PA, parental support, and time outdoors were correlates of total PA.
  • Male sex and time spent playing with parents were determinants of total PA.
  • Male sex was the only correlate of moderate-to-vigorous PA; no determinants were identified for MVPA or light PA.

Conclusions:

  • Few high-quality studies exist, with most conducted in high-income countries.
  • Demographic/biological and social/cultural factors show some association with early childhood PA.
  • Future research should prioritize high-quality studies across all ecologic model domains to identify PA correlates and determinants.
Abstract

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