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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Autoimmune Myopathies: Where Do We Stand?

Jean-Philippe Simon1, Isabelle Marie2, Fabienne Jouen2

  • 1Laboratory of Neuropathology, CHU Caen, Normandie University, UNICAEN, Caen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune myopathies (AIMs) are severe diseases with limited understanding. This review highlights prevalent forms and the diagnostic role of autoantibodies in identifying these inflammatory muscle conditions.

Keywords:
autoantibodiesdermatomyositisinclusion-body myositismyositisnecrotizing myopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) pose significant health challenges, with some, like multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, extensively studied.
  • Autoimmune myopathies (AIMs), or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, are severe AIDs with less understood pathophysiology.
  • AIMs present with muscle weakness, elevated creatine kinase, myopathic electromyography, and inflammatory infiltrates on muscle biopsy, and can be linked to cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the most prevalent forms of autoimmune myopathies (AIMs).
  • To emphasize the diagnostic contribution of autoantibodies in identifying AIMs.
  • To provide an overview of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies for researchers and clinicians.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of prevalent autoimmune myopathy forms.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and biomarkers for AIMs.
  • Focus on the role of autoantibodies in myositis classification and diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Autoantibodies are crucial for diagnosing and classifying various autoimmune myopathies.
  • Understanding prevalent AIMs aids in differential diagnosis and management.
  • The association between certain AIMs and cancer requires careful consideration.

Conclusions:

  • Autoantibodies significantly aid in the diagnosis and subclassification of autoimmune myopathies.
  • Further research into AIM pathophysiology is needed, despite advances in diagnostic tools.
  • Comprehensive review provides insight into idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their management.