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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

5.9K
The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

4.9K
The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
4.9K
The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

7.8K
The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...
7.8K
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

6.2K
The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
6.2K
Trachea01:22

Trachea

5.9K
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
5.9K
Pharynx01:20

Pharynx

8.4K
The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

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Laryngeal structure and function in dogs with cough.

Lynelle R Johnson

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |July 6, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    In dogs with cough but no upper airway signs, laryngeal dysfunction was found in 19%. This highlights the importance of laryngoscopy for diagnosing canine cough, even without obvious upper airway disease.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Respiratory System Physiology

    Background:

    • Cough is a common presenting sign in dogs.
    • Upper airway disease is often suspected, but laryngeal abnormalities can be overlooked.
    • Diagnostic evaluation for cough typically focuses on lower airways.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the prevalence and types of laryngeal abnormalities in dogs presenting with cough without upper airway disease signs.
    • To compare the prevalence of laryngeal abnormalities across different respiratory tract diseases in dogs.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective study of 138 dogs with cough and no upper airway disease signs.
    • Laryngoscopic and bronchoscopic examinations were performed by a single examiner.
    • Laryngeal function was assessed, with doxapram stimulation when indicated.

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    Main Results:

    • Laryngeal hyperemia was present in 54% of dogs with subacute or chronic cough.
    • Laryngeal dysfunction (paresis or paralysis) was diagnosed in 19% (26/138) of dogs.
    • Prevalence of laryngeal hyperemia and dysfunction did not significantly differ among various respiratory diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Laryngeal dysfunction is a significant finding in dogs with unexplained cough.
    • A thorough laryngoscopic examination is crucial for diagnosing canine cough, even in the absence of apparent upper airway disease.