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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

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When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
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Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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Active fluidization in dense glassy systems.

Rituparno Mandal1, Pranab Jyoti Bhuyan1, Madan Rao2

  • 1Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. cdgupta@physics.iisc.ernet.in.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding self-propulsion to dense soft glasses breaks cages and fluidizes the material, eliminating the glassy phase. Increased activity also changes glass properties and causes particle clustering.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Complex systems

Background:

  • Dense soft glasses exhibit collective caging behavior at low temperatures.
  • Understanding the influence of particle activity on glassy dynamics is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how self-propulsion (activity) affects the collective dynamics and phase behavior of model glass formers.
  • To determine the critical activity level at which the glassy phase disappears.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations of a model glass-forming system.
  • Analysis of particle diffusion, cage breaking, and phase transitions.
  • Examination of temperature dependence and particle clustering.

Main Results:

  • Incorporation of activity (f0) induces cage breaking and fluidization, leading to the disappearance of the glassy phase beyond a critical f0.
  • The diffusion coefficient transitions from strongly to weakly temperature-dependent with increasing f0.
  • Activity drives a crossover from fragile to strong glass behavior and promotes particle clustering.

Conclusions:

  • Self-propulsion can effectively eliminate the glassy phase in dense soft materials.
  • Activity significantly alters the dynamic and structural properties of glasses, including their fragility and tendency to cluster.
  • Findings are relevant for active colloidal glasses and biological systems like living cells.