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The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
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Propeller Flaps: A Literature Review.

Andrea Sisti1, Carlo D'Aniello2, Leonardo Fortezza2

  • 1Plastic Surgery Division, General and Specialist Surgery Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy asisti6@gmail.com.

In Vivo (Athens, Greece)
|July 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Propeller flaps are a successful reconstructive technique for tissue defects, offering good outcomes with a 22.6% complication rate, particularly in lower limbs and in very young or elderly patients.

Keywords:
Propeller flapsfasciocutaneous flapisland flapslocal flapspedicled flapperforator flapreviewsurgical flaps

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Microsurgery

Background:

  • Propeller flaps, introduced in 1991, are increasingly utilized for tissue reconstruction.
  • This technique involves transferring a pedicled flap of fasciocutaneous tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the indications for propeller flap use.
  • To assess the outcomes and complication rates of this reconstructive method.
  • To review existing literature on propeller flap applications.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed.
  • Keywords included "propeller flap", "fasciocutaneous flap", "local flap", and "pedicled flap".
  • Clinical studies employing propeller flaps for reconstruction were selected.

Main Results:

  • 1,315 propeller flaps in 1,242 patients were analyzed from 119 studies (1991-2015).
  • Common indications: post-tumor excision defects, trauma, burns, pressure sores, infections.
  • Overall complication rate was 22.6%, higher in lower limbs (31.8%), infants, and the elderly. Partial flap necrosis and venous congestion were most frequent.

Conclusions:

  • Propeller flaps demonstrate high success rates, low morbidity, rapid recovery, and good aesthetics.
  • Careful consideration of tissue quality, scar orientation, and donor site closure is crucial for minimizing complications.
  • Ideal indications include small to medium defects in well-vascularized areas with healthy surrounding tissue.