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Updated: Mar 18, 2026
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Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting
Published on: January 17, 2025
933
Year in Review 2015: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Lakshmi Raman1, Heidi J Dalton2
1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
Respiratory Care
|July 7, 2016
Summary
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has evolved from neonatal respiratory failure treatment to a vital tool for critically ill adults. Advances enable prolonged support, mobile applications, and integration into critical care algorithms for conditions like ARDS and cardiac arrest.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Sciences
- Respiratory Medicine
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a modified cardiopulmonary bypass technique.
- Initial use focused on neonatal respiratory failure, demonstrating good survival rates.
- ECMO has expanded to pediatric and adult populations, including cardiac disease, since the 1980s.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) criteria and practices.
- To discuss the evolving applications of ECMO in critical care.
- To present issues concerning ECMO as a resuscitative tool and volume-outcome relationships.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) applications and outcomes.
- Analysis of historical data and technological advancements in ECMO.
- Discussion of current trends and controversies in ECMO management.
Main Results:
- ECMO usage has rapidly grown, particularly in adults, with over 73,000 reported cases.
- Technological progress allows for prolonged ECMO support (weeks to months).
- Innovations include "awake" ECMO, mobile support, and ventilator management changes.
Conclusions:
- ECMO is now integral to managing ARDS, cardiopulmonary arrest, and septic shock.
- Ongoing research addresses ECMO's role in resuscitation and the impact of patient volume on outcomes.
- The field continues to evolve with advancements in technology and patient care strategies.
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