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Thyroid dysfunction, either hyper or hypothyroidism, promotes gallstone formation by different mechanisms.

Yong Wang1, Xing Yu2, Qun-Zi Zhao1

  • 1Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.

Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
|July 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, significantly increases cholesterol gallstone formation in mice. These conditions alter gene expression related to cholesterol metabolism and biosynthesis, promoting gallstone development.

Keywords:
C57BL/6 miceCholesterol gallstoneHepatic lithogenic genesHyperthyroidismHypothyroidism

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hepatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism.
  • The relationship between thyroid function and cholesterol gallstone formation requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on cholesterol gallstone formation in a mouse model.
  • To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involving hepatic gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, and euthyroid groups.
  • Mice were fed a lithogenic diet for 5 weeks.
  • Incidence of cholesterol monohydrate crystal formation and hepatic gene expression were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Hyperthyroidism led to 100% gallstone incidence, hypothyroidism to 83%, and euthyroidism to 33%.
  • Hypothyroidism altered Trβ and Rxr expression.
  • Hyperthyroidism affected Lxrα, Rxr, Fxr, and Cyp7α1 expression.

Conclusions:

  • Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism promote cholesterol gallstone formation in mice.
  • Thyroid dysfunction influences gallstone development through distinct molecular pathways.
  • Hyperthyroidism impacts cholesterol metabolism via nuclear receptors, while hypothyroidism promotes cholesterol biosynthesis.