Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

Forced Transdifferentiation

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Treatment efficacy of non-metal and single-retainer resin-bonded prostheses for anterior single-tooth loss: A systematic review.

Journal of prosthodontic research·2026

Same author

Development of a preoperative accuracy prediction model using machine learning for implant placement in static-guided surgery: retrospective observational study.

International journal of implant dentistry·2026

Same author

Prolonged TNF-α stimulation induces a PD-1-associated exhaustion-like phenotype in mesenchymal stromal cells.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026

Same author

Correction: MMP-3 cleavage of Lamin A induces pro-migratory nuclear deformity, nucleophagy, and their autophagic secretion with extracellular vesicles in metastatic cancer.

Cell communication and signaling : CCS·2026

Same author

Multicenter Sleep Bruxism Clinical Registry in Japan: Development of the registry and exploratory analysis of data-driven clinical subgroups.

Journal of prosthodontic research·2026

Same author

Experimental Analysis of Automatic Discrimination Performance Between Simulated Bruxism and Non-Bruxism Under Conscious Conditions Using Electromyography and Machine Learning.

International journal of dentistry·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Cellular Reprogramming Using Defined Factors and MicroRNAs.

Takanori Eguchi¹, Takuo Kuboki²

¹Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Science 6, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dental Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.

Stem Cells International

|July 7, 2016

Summary

Cellular reprogramming, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), utilizes specific factors to revert cells to a stem-cell-like state. MicroRNAs like miRNA-720 play a role in this process by targeting key pluripotency factors.

More Related Videos

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine
Molecular biology and genetics
Developmental biology

Background:

Cellular differentiation is a complex process involving multiple stages, from zygotes to specialized cell lineages.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) represent a significant advancement, enabling the reprogramming of somatic cells into a pluripotent state.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are multipotent stem cells with unique microRNA expression profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical development and current concepts in cellular reprogramming.
To highlight the role of reprogramming factors and microRNAs in cell fate determination.
To discuss the implications of cellular reprogramming in life science and medicine.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on cellular reprogramming techniques.
Analysis of reprogramming factors such as Nanog, Klf5, Oct3/4, Sox2, and Myc.
Investigation of direct reprogramming methods using transcription factors and microRNAs.

Main Results:

Defined reprogramming factors have enabled the generation of iPS cells, revolutionizing regenerative medicine.
Direct reprogramming methods have been developed for generating specific cell types like myocytes and neurons.
MicroRNA-720 has been identified to influence cellular reprogramming by targeting Nanog and inducing DNA methyltransferases.

Conclusions:

Cellular reprogramming is a rapidly evolving field with profound implications for disease modeling and therapeutic applications.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms, including the role of microRNAs, is crucial for advancing reprogramming technologies.
The development of iPS cells and direct reprogramming techniques offers new avenues for regenerative medicine and personalized therapies.