Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

55
Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution,...
55
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

106
In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
106
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

164
The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
164
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

55
The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
55
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

134.8K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
134.8K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

10.6K
10.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structure-Guided Discovery of Selective Polo-Like Kinase 3 Inhibitors.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Speciation and hydration forces in sodium carbonate/bicarbonate aqueous solutions nanoconfined between mica sheets.

Faraday discussions·2026
Same author

Combined crystallographic fragment screening and deep mutational scanning enable discovery of Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

The influence of proline on surface interactions in aqueous solutions.

Biophysical journal·2025
Same author

Lithium solvation and anion-dominated domain structure in water-in-salt electrolytes.

EES batteries·2025
Same author

Predictive design of crystallographic chiral separation.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

4.3K

Ion-Image Interactions and Phase Transition at Electrolyte-Metal Interfaces.

Alpha A Lee1, Susan Perkin2

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|July 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new model explains the voltage-induced phase transition in electrical double layers, crucial for energy storage. This phenomenon, driven by ion-image interactions, suggests mixing ionic liquids with solvents can enhance capacitance and prevent hysteresis.

More Related Videos

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy
11:03

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: July 14, 2022

4.2K
In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
11:25

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

16.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

4.3K
Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy
11:03

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: July 14, 2022

4.2K
In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
11:25

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

16.4K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • The arrangement of ions at the electrode-electrolyte interface is fundamental to electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) performance.
  • Conventional Poisson-Boltzmann theory predicts continuous charge storage, but experimental and simulation data suggest a voltage-induced phase transition.
  • This transition leads to hysteresis, where capacitance-voltage behavior differs based on voltage sweep direction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model explaining the observed voltage-induced phase transition in electrical double layers.
  • To investigate the role of ion-image interactions in this phenomenon.
  • To determine factors influencing the phase transition and hysteresis in EDLCs.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a simplified analytical model for ion behavior near a metallic electrode.
  • Incorporation of ion-image interactions within the theoretical framework.
  • Analysis of the model's predictions regarding phase transitions and capacitance-voltage relationships.

Main Results:

  • The analytical model successfully explains the voltage-induced first-order phase transition in the electrical double layer.
  • Ion-image interactions are identified as a key mechanism driving this phase transition.
  • The occurrence of the phase transition is shown to be dependent on the bulk energy of the ionic liquid.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical basis for the hysteretic behavior observed in EDLCs.
  • Mixing ionic liquids with solvents is proposed as a strategy to achieve high capacitance while mitigating hysteresis.
  • Understanding these interfacial phenomena is critical for designing advanced energy storage devices.