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Tree phylogenetic diversity promotes host-parasitoid interactions.

Michael Staab1, Helge Bruelheide2, Walter Durka3

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Phylogenetic diversity (PD) of trees in forests predicts parasitoid abundance and parasitism rates, impacting ecosystem processes. This highlights PD

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Gutianshan National Nature Reserveecological networksenvironmental gradientsparasitismspecies interactionstrap-nesting Hymenoptera

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Forest Ecosystems

Background:

  • Phylogenetic diversity (PD) is a strong predictor of ecosystem processes in grasslands.
  • The influence of PD on host-parasitoid interactions in species-rich forests remains unexplored.
  • Previous studies have not extended PD research to complex forest communities or trophic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between tree phylogenetic diversity (PD) and host-parasitoid interactions in a subtropical forest.
  • To determine if tree PD influences parasitism rates, parasitoid abundance, and host-parasitoid network structure.
  • To compare the effects of tree PD with tree species richness and other environmental variables.

Main Methods:

  • Collected cavity-nesting Hymenoptera (hosts) and their parasitoids in a subtropical forest.
  • Assessed tree phylogenetic diversity (PD) and species richness in relation to host-parasitoid data.
  • Analyzed parasitism rates, parasitoid abundance, and host-parasitoid network metrics against environmental variables, including elevation and PD.

Main Results:

  • Parasitism rate and parasitoid abundance were positively correlated with tree PD.
  • Parasitoid abundance and related variables decreased with elevation and were dependent on host abundance.
  • Tree PD effects on parasitoid abundance and parasitism rates were stronger than tree species richness effects.

Conclusions:

  • Tree community PD significantly influences host-parasitoid interactions and parasitism rates in species-rich forests.
  • PD cascades to higher trophic levels, promoting trophic interactions and ecosystem processes like parasitism.
  • Loss of evolutionarily distinct tree lineages during habitat modification can impair crucial ecosystem functions.