A Transdiagnostic Network Approach to Psychosis
Johanna T W Wigman1,2, Stijn de Vos3, Marieke Wichers3
1University Center for Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; j.t.w.wigman@umcg.nl.
Schizophrenia Bulletin
|July 8, 2016
Summary
Predicting psychosis is difficult. A network approach revealed distinct patterns of psychopathology in adolescents with early auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), suggesting differences in psychosis liability despite similar current symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry and Mental Health
- Network Science
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Accurate prediction of psychosis development and outcomes remains challenging.
- A transdiagnostic approach is needed to understand complex psychopathology.
- Network paradigms offer a promising framework for studying mental illness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To apply a transdiagnostic network approach to psychosis.
- To investigate psychopathological experiences in adolescents with and without early auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH).
- To compare network architectures between these groups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized longitudinal data from adolescents originally recruited at age 7-8 years.
- Applied the Ising model to dichotomized data from the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21).
- Analyzed network structures of psychopathological experiences.
Main Results:
- Observed interconnections within and between domains of psychopathology.
- Found quantitative and qualitative differences in network architecture between individuals with and without prior AVH.
- Identified distinct network interconnectedness patterns in individuals with a history of AVH, suggesting underlying psychosis liability differences.
Conclusions:
- Transdiagnostic psychopathological experiences can be mapped as a network.
- Network analysis provides valuable insights beyond traditional approaches.
- Differences in network architecture may reflect varying psychosis liability, even without current symptom differences.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
2.4K
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
2.4K
01:29Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder
1.0K
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
1.0K
01:28Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
1.1K
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
1.1K
01:26Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
653
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
653
01:29Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
784
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
784
01:29Psychodynamic Therapy
810
Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
810