Human fetal growth restriction: a cardiovascular journey through to adolescence

Area of Science:

• Perinatology
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

• Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is linked to neonatal morbidity/mortality and long-term cardiovascular issues.
• Early and persistent cardiovascular system involvement is evident from fetal and neonatal ultrasound data.
• Vascular mechanics assessment offers novel diagnostic and monitoring approaches for IUGR-related cardiovascular complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction in human fetuses with IUGR.
• To examine the persistence of cardiac impairment through childhood and adolescence.
• To explore potential preventive strategies for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in IUGR.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent data utilizing diverse ultrasound parameters in fetal and neonatal life.
• Focus on cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction assessments.
• Analysis of long-term cardiovascular outcomes and predictive measures.

Main Results:

• Early and persistent cardiovascular system involvement in IUGR is confirmed.
• Specific ultrasound measures predict long-term morbidities.
• Vascular mechanics emerges as a key area for future research and intervention.

Conclusions:

• Adverse cardiovascular outcomes in IUGR may be preventable.
• Early detection and monitoring of vascular mechanics are crucial.
• Interventions targeting cardiovascular health in IUGR have significant clinical potential.