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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Rapamycin in aging and disease: maximizing efficacy while minimizing side effects.

Simon C Johnson1, Matt Kaeberlein2

  • 1Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein Medical College, New York, NY, USA.

Oncotarget
|July 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapamycin shows promise for healthy aging and longevity in mammals. Further research is needed to optimize its clinical use by minimizing side effects through dosage and delivery studies.

Keywords:
healthspanmTORmitochondriamitochondria diseasetarget of rapamycin

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and aging research.
  • Pharmacology and drug development.

Background:

  • Rapamycin is a key compound identified in experimental geroscience for promoting healthspan and longevity in mammals.
  • Multiple studies have validated rapamycin's positive effects on lifespan and healthspan, shifting focus towards its clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the translational use of rapamycin in clinical settings.
  • To address the limitations of rapamycin's clinical use, primarily concerning drug-associated side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating optimal dosage regimens for rapamycin administration.
  • Evaluating different delivery routes for rapamycin.
  • Developing improved formulations of rapamycin.

Main Results:

  • Identifying strategies to maximize the benefits of rapamycin.
  • Defining methods to reduce the incidence or severity of rapamycin side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing rapamycin's dosage, delivery, and formulation is crucial for its safe and effective clinical translation.
  • Further studies are essential to harness rapamycin's potential for promoting healthy aging while mitigating adverse effects.