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Related Experiment Video

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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White matter degeneration in subjective cognitive decline: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Xuan-Yu Li1, Zhen-Chao Tang2, Yu Sun1

  • 1Department of Neurology, XuanWu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.

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|July 8, 2016
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Summary

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) shows widespread white matter (WM) changes, indicating an early Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk stage. These WM alterations correlate with memory decline in SCD patients, preceding more severe cognitive impairment.

Keywords:
diffusion tensor imagingpreclinical Alzheimer’s diseasesubjective cognitive declinetract-based spatial statisticswhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a potential preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), preceding amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
  • Understanding white matter (WM) integrity in SCD is crucial for early AD detection and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate white matter (WM) defects in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).
  • To compare WM alterations in SCD with those in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 27 SCD, 35 aMCI, 25 AD patients, and 37 normal controls (NC) were analyzed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS).
  • Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AxD) were quantified and compared across groups.

Main Results:

  • SCD patients exhibited widespread WM alterations, including decreased FA and increased MD and RD compared to NC.
  • Localized WM changes in SCD showed increased AxD, similar to aMCI and AD patients.
  • In shared WM tracts, SCD patients had intermediate FA values between NC and other patient groups.
  • Cognitive scores (AVLT-delayed recall) correlated with diffusion parameters in NC and SCD groups, and more strongly in aMCI and AD groups.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is characterized by significant white matter (WM) abnormalities.
  • These WM changes in SCD may underlie the early stages of memory decline associated with Alzheimer's disease progression.
  • DTI metrics show promise in identifying early WM pathology in the trajectory towards Alzheimer's disease.