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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Correlating Gene-specific DNA Methylation Changes with Expression and Transcriptional Activity of Astrocytic KCNJ10 Kir4.1
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Extra-coding RNAs regulate neuronal DNA methylation dynamics.

Katherine E Savell1, Nancy V N Gallus1, Rhiana C Simon1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.

Nature Communications
|July 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extra-coding RNAs (ecRNAs) regulate DNA methylation in neurons by interacting with DNA methyltransferases. Fos ecRNA is crucial for fear memory formation, suggesting ecRNAs as therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism regulating neuronal function and plasticity.
  • Neuronal activity and experience dynamically control DNA methylation in the brain.
  • Mechanisms targeting specific genes for DNA methylation modification remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of extra-coding RNAs (ecRNAs) in regulating DNA methylation in neurons.
  • To explore the functional significance of ecRNAs in neuronal gene regulation and memory formation.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the interaction between ecRNAs and DNA methyltransferases.
  • Analyzed ecRNA expression patterns in relation to gene promoter methylation.
  • Utilized knockdown models to assess the impact of ecRNA manipulation on gene methylation and expression.
  • Examined the role of Fos ecRNA in fear memory formation in a rat model.

Main Results:

  • Extra-coding RNAs (ecRNAs) interact with DNA methyltransferases to regulate neuronal DNA methylation.
  • ecRNA expression correlates with gene promoter hypomethylation and is modulated by neuronal activity.
  • Knockdown of Fos ecRNA leads to gene hypermethylation and mRNA silencing.
  • Hippocampal Fos ecRNA expression is essential for long-term fear memory consolidation in rats.

Conclusions:

  • Extra-coding RNAs (ecRNAs) are fundamental regulators of DNA methylation patterns in the nervous system.
  • These findings highlight ecRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders.