Impact of Anxiety in Ambulatory Superficial Venous Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the HADS-A Scale

The aim of the present prospective clinical study is to evaluate the impact of the level of anxiety in patients undergoing ambulatory superficial venous surgery (SVS) and to select a specific group of patients who need more of our attention to reduce the postoperative adverse events.

Preoperative anxiety was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), especially the HADS-A (Anxiety subscale) in 340 consecutive patients undergoing elective SVS. Venous disease was assessed in all patients according to the established CEAP classification, the Venous Clinical Severity and the Venous Disability scores.

According to the HADS-A scores, we could distinguish two groups of patients, with (group A with score > 8; 61 patients) and without potential anxious state (group B with score < 7; 279 patients). Demographic data, varicose veins risk factors and preoperative symptoms were comparable in both groups. The median HADS-A score was 9 (8-17; IQR: 2) in group A and 3 (0-7; IQR: 3) in group B. The rate of complications or adverse events in the recovery room, the mean postoperative pain scores, the apprehension before discharge hospital and the incidence of unexpected hospitalisation rate were significantly higher in group A when compared with group B.

We observed that the presence of preoperative anxiety, even although infrequent, was associated with high incidence of complications or adverse events in the recovery room and a greater postoperative pain level. In this context, this group of patients needs more of our attention, particularly to limit potential anxiety and improve their satisfaction score.