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Multiple Comparison Tests

Multiple Comparison Tests

Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

Improving Screening Mammography Outcomes Through Comparison With Multiple Prior Mammograms.

Jessica H Hayward¹, Kimberly M Ray¹, Dorota J Wisner²

¹1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St, Rm C250, Mail Box 1667, San Francisco, CA 94115.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology

|July 8, 2016

Summary

Comparing multiple prior mammograms significantly reduces recall rates and improves cancer detection. This enhances screening mammography accuracy by providing more historical data for interpretation.

Keywords:

cancer detection mammography recall rate screening

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Area of Science:

Radiology and Medical Imaging
Oncology
Biostatistics

Background:

Screening mammography is crucial for early breast cancer detection.
Interpreting mammograms often involves comparison with prior examinations to assess changes.
The impact of comparing with multiple prior mammograms versus a single one on screening outcomes is not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effect of comparing screening mammograms with multiple prior examinations versus a single prior examination on key outcomes.
To assess changes in recall rate, positive predictive value of recall (PPV1), and cancer detection rate (CDR).

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 46,288 screening mammograms from 22,792 women.
Mammograms were categorized into three groups: no comparison, single prior comparison, and multiple prior comparison.
Statistical analysis included generalized estimating equations and Fisher exact test to compare outcomes.

Main Results:

Mammograms compared with two or more priors had a significantly lower recall rate (6.3%) compared to single prior comparison (7.8%).
The odds ratio of recall for multiple prior comparisons versus single prior was 0.864 (p=0.0074), adjusted for age.
Positive predictive value of recall (PPV1) increased by 0.05 (p=0.0009) and cancer detection rate (CDR) increased by 2.3 cases per 1000 examinations (p=0.0481) with multiple prior comparisons.

Conclusions:

Comparing screening mammograms with two or more prior examinations significantly reduces recall rates.
Multiple prior mammogram comparisons lead to statistically significant increases in both the positive predictive value of recall and the cancer detection rate.
Utilizing multiple prior mammograms enhances the diagnostic performance of screening mammography.