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Cerebrovascular disease in north-west India: a study of necropsy material
A K Banerjee1, M Varma, R K Vasista
1Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Insights
Cerebrovascular disease patterns in North-West India reveal intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral embolism, and thrombosis as key findings. Notably, 37% of stroke patients were under 40, with embolism and venous thrombosis impacting the young.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pathology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cerebrovascular diseases represent a significant global health burden.
- Understanding regional variations in stroke patterns is crucial for targeted public health interventions.
- Previous studies have not fully elucidated the specific epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in North-West India.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the demographic and etiological patterns of cerebrovascular disease in North-West India.
- To identify the prevalence of different types of stroke, including intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral embolism, and thrombosis.
- To analyze the incidence of stroke in younger populations and associated risk factors.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 362 necropsy cases over a 14-year period.
- Classification of cerebrovascular events into intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral embolism, cerebral arterial thrombosis, and cerebral venous thrombosis.
- Age-specific analysis of stroke incidence and etiological factors.
Main Results:
- A total of 362 cases of cerebrovascular disease were identified.
- Intracranial hemorrhage (138 cases), cerebral embolism (89 cases), cerebral arterial thrombosis (101 cases), and cerebral venous thrombosis (34 cases) were documented.
- Approximately 37% of affected individuals were under 40 years of age, with cerebral embolism and venous thrombosis being significant causes of stroke in this demographic.
Conclusions:
- Cerebrovascular disease, encompassing various stroke types, is prevalent in North-West India.
- Cerebral embolism and venous thrombosis are notable causes of stroke in young adults in this region.
- Rheumatic heart disease and infective endocarditis are primary drivers of cerebral embolism, while pregnancy-related cerebral venous thrombosis is more common than in Western populations.
Abstract:
The pattern of cerebrovascular disease in North-West India has been studied in a necropsy series of 362 cases over a 14 year period. One hundred and thirty eight cases of intracranial haemorrhage were found, 89 of cerebral embolism, 101 of cerebral arterial thrombosis and 34 of cerebral venous thrombosis. Nearly 37% of the affected patients were below 40 years of age. Cerebral embolism and cerebrovenous thrombosis were important causes of stroke in the young. Rheumatic heart disease and infective endocarditis formed the major causes of cerebral embolism. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with pregnancy and puerperium was relatively more common in our series than has been reported in the West.