Arterial ischemic stroke in HIV: Defining and classifying etiology for research studies

Laura A Benjamin¹, Alan Bryer¹, Sebastian Lucas¹+16

• ¹Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme (L.A.B., E.L.C., R.S.H.) and Department of Medicine (L.A.B., T.J.A.), University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre; Institute of Infection and Global Health (L.A.B., H.E., T.S.), University of Liverpool; Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust (L.A.B., T.S.), Liverpool, UK; Department of Medicine (A.B., A.S.), Division of Neurology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Histopathology (S.L.), St. Thomas Hospital, London; Radiology Department (E.J.) and Haematology Department (C.D., C.-H.T.), Royal Liverpool Hospital; Preston Hospital (H.E.); North Manchester General Hospital (I.T.); Virus Reference Department (K.B., D.B.) and Syphilis Reference Department (C.I.), Public Health England, London; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (C.S.) and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.C.), University of Edinburgh; Department of Clinical Research (E.L.C.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; National Institutes of Health (A.N.), Bethesda, MD; Division of Infection and Immunity (R.S.H.), University College London; NHS Borders (M.D.C.), Melrose, UK; School of Public Health (M.D.C.), University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections (T.S.), Liverpool, UK.