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High functional diversity stimulates diversification in experimental microbial communities.

Alexandre Jousset1, Nico Eisenhauer2, Monika Merker3

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Biodiversity influences ecosystem services and evolutionary dynamics.
  • The relationship between competition and evolutionary processes is complex and debated.
  • Functional diversity's role in diversification patterns requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if functional diversity explains diversification patterns.
  • To investigate the impact of varying community diversity and composition on a focal species' evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Survival and diversification of Pseudomonas fluorescens were tracked in bacterial communities.
  • Communities varied in diversity and composition to assess ecological and evolutionary responses.

Main Results:

  • High functional diversity decreased the focal species' fitness but promoted its diversification.
  • Increased resource competition in diverse communities led to niche exploitation.
  • Evolved Pseudomonas fluorescens phenotypes utilized underexploited resources, improving fitness despite lower growth rates.

Conclusions:

  • Biodiversity can stimulate evolutionary diversification.
  • Sufficient alternative niches are crucial for biodiversity to drive evolutionary change.
  • Functional diversity shapes evolutionary trajectories under competitive conditions.