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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Obesity status trajectory groups among elementary school children.

Tzu-An Chen1, Tom Baranowski2, Jennette P Moreno2

  • 1Center for Translational Injury Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin Street, Rm. 5.212, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. Tzu-An.Chen@uth.tmc.edu.

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Summary

This study identified distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectory groups in elementary school children. Boys and Hispanic/Black children face higher risks of overweight and obesity, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric obesity research
  • Childhood growth and development
  • Public health and epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited understanding of weight status transitions during elementary school years.
  • Need to identify distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectory groups in children.
  • Investigating predictors of BMI trajectory group membership.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectory groups among elementary school children.
  • To examine predictors of trajectory group membership.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of 1651 elementary school children with longitudinal data (kindergarten to 5th grade).
  • Biannual height and weight measurements over 11 assessments.
  • Utilized group-based trajectory clustering and multinomial logit modeling.

Main Results:

  • Five BMI trajectory groups identified when using overweight/obese cutoff (≥85th percentile): persistently non-overweight/obese (51.1%), early-onset (9.2%), late-onset (9.7%), becoming healthy weight (8.2%), and chronically overweight/obese (21.8%).
  • Three trajectories identified using obese cutoff (≥95th percentile): persistently non-obese (74.1%), becoming obese (12.8%), and chronically obese (13.2%).
  • Girls were less likely to be overweight/obese; Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children had higher odds of being chronically overweight/obese compared to non-Hispanic White children.

Conclusions:

  • Boys, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black children are at higher risk for overweight/obesity throughout elementary school.
  • Summer months post-kindergarten and post-second grade are critical transition periods for weight status.
  • Identifying behavioral factors is crucial for targeted obesity prevention strategies in children.