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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Restorative care is provided once a patient has been discharged from a healthcare facility and requires additional services. The additional services include home care, rehabilitation programs, and extended care. Restorative care centers help the patient regain their previous level of functioning or acquire a new level of functioning due to the incapacitating effects of a disease or a disability. It aims to assist patients in enhancing their quality of life by encouraging independence,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

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Restoration of Shoulder Function.

Chelsea C Boe1, Bassem T Elhassan2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Hand Clinics
|July 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Restoring shoulder function after brachial plexus injury is complex. Surgical techniques, including tendon transfers, have advanced to improve shoulder motion, but significant challenges and functional loss often remain.

Keywords:
Brachial plexus injuryExternal rotationGlobal shoulder dysfunctionLower trapeziusTendon transfer

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Brachial plexus injuries present significant challenges in restoring shoulder function.
  • Early surgical interventions focused on shoulder stabilization, abduction, and flexion.
  • Limited options existed for restoring external rotation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in surgical techniques for brachial plexus injury.
  • To highlight improved understanding of shoulder biomechanics and tendon transfers.
  • To discuss expanded options for restoring shoulder function, particularly external rotation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on brachial plexus injury reconstruction.
  • Analysis of biomechanical principles relevant to tendon transfer surgery.
  • Evaluation of surgical outcomes for shoulder function restoration.

Main Results:

  • Advancements in understanding shoulder motion and muscle biomechanics have expanded surgical options.
  • Tendon transfer techniques now offer improved possibilities for restoring external rotation.
  • Despite progress, brachial plexus injury remains a complex problem.

Conclusions:

  • Improved biomechanical understanding facilitates better tendon transfer outcomes for brachial plexus injuries.
  • Restoration of external rotation is a key advancement in surgical management.
  • Complex cases still require intricate solutions, prolonged recovery, and may involve residual functional deficits.