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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Ohmic Contact Fabrication Using a Focused-ion Beam Technique and Electrical Characterization for Layer Semiconductor Nanostructures
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Raman spectroscopy of transition metal dichalcogenides.

R Saito1, Y Tatsumi, S Huang

  • 1Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|July 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This review explores Raman spectroscopy of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). We detail how polarization, layer thickness, and laser energy influence their spectra, offering insights into material properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a class of materials with unique electronic and optical properties.
  • Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for probing the vibrational and electronic properties of materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of Raman spectroscopy in TMDs.
  • To elucidate the theoretical underpinnings of polarization-dependent Raman spectra.
  • To discuss the influence of various factors on Raman spectra of TMDs.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling (semi-classical and quantum mechanical) of Raman spectra.
  • Experimental characterization of TMDs using Raman spectroscopy.
  • Analysis of polarization dependence, layer thickness, laser energy, and structural phase effects.

Main Results:

  • Optical dipole transition matrix elements are crucial for understanding polarization-dependent Raman intensity and Raman tensor.
  • Raman spectra of TMDs are sensitive to layer thickness, polarization, laser energy, and structural phase.
  • The technique is applicable to twisted bilayer and heterostructures of TMDs.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy is a versatile tool for characterizing TMDs.
  • Understanding the factors influencing Raman spectra is key to utilizing TMDs in various applications.
  • Future perspectives on Raman spectroscopy of TMDs are discussed.