Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

686
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
686
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

520
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
520
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

692
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
692
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

9.3K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
9.3K
McNemar's Test01:23

McNemar's Test

956
McNemar's Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference in proportions between two related groups when the outcome is binary (e.g., yes/no, success/failure). It is beneficial when we have paired data, such as pre-test/post-test designs, where the same subjects are measured under two different conditions. The test is named after the statistician Quinn McNemar, who introduced it in 1947. It is commonly used in situations where subjects are...
956
Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

15.4K
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
15.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Estimation, testing and sample size calculation within the responder-stratified exponential survival model.

Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics·2026
Same author

Parental mental illness and child brain structure: A diffusion MRI study of emotion regulation related pathways.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Multimodal assessment of emotion regulation in children of parents with a mental illness.

European child & adolescent psychiatry·2026
Same author

Association of hemodynamic variability during endovascular stroke treatment with functional outcome and parenchymal hemorrhage.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders·2025
Same author

Multicenter upfront randomized phase II trial of quizartinib and high-dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia with FMSlike tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication.

Haematologica·2025
Same author

Dynamic mortality predictions from serum albumin in dialysis patients using robust joint models with competing risks.

Scientific reports·2025
Same journal

Doubly robust augmented weighting estimators for the analysis of externally controlled single-arm trials and unanchored indirect treatment comparisons.

Research synthesis methods·2026
Same journal

Prompt engineering of large language models for paper screening in medical meta-analyses and systematic reviews: A prospective comparative study - CORRIGENDUM.

Research synthesis methods·2026
Same journal

Evaluating the accuracy and speed of eight deduplication tools: A comparative study.

Research synthesis methods·2026
Same journal

A comparison of preprint search aggregators: comprehensive identification of preprints in the information retrieval stage of evidence syntheses.

Research synthesis methods·2026
Same journal

Meta-research on key metrics of preregistered scoping reviews.

Research synthesis methods·2026
Same journal

Facilitators and barriers to engaging patient partners in knowledge syntheses: A stage-based approach.

Research synthesis methods·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.3K

Bayesian network meta-analysis for cluster randomized trials with binary outcomes.

Lorenz Uhlmann1, Katrin Jensen1, Meinhard Kieser1

  • 1Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Research Synthesis Methods
|July 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combining cluster randomized trials in network meta-analysis is challenging. This study presents suitable methods that are unbiased and provide accurate results for health services research.

Keywords:
binary outcomecluster randomized trialsnetwork meta-analysisvariance inflation

More Related Videos

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

8.1K
Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations
12:27

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.3K
Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

8.1K
Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations
12:27

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Health Services Research
  • Evidence Synthesis

Background:

  • Network meta-analysis (NMA) is increasingly used to synthesize evidence from multiple treatment comparisons.
  • Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are gaining popularity, particularly in health services research, but their incorporation into NMA is complex.
  • Standard NMA methods may not adequately handle the hierarchical structure of CRTs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine and compare various approaches for incorporating cluster randomized trials into network meta-analysis.
  • To provide practical guidance on implementing these statistical models.
  • To identify reliable methods for synthesizing evidence from CRTs within NMA.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews and compares different methodologies for integrating CRTs into NMA.
  • Simulation studies are employed to evaluate the performance of the examined approaches.
  • Practical implementation aspects of the models are discussed.

Main Results:

  • Some approaches for combining CRTs in NMA yield unsatisfactory results.
  • Alternative methods are identified as suitable, demonstrating unbiasedness and accurate coverage rates.
  • The simulation results highlight the importance of selecting appropriate statistical techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Methodologies for network meta-analysis can be extended to adequately include results from cluster randomized trials.
  • Appropriate methods ensure valid and reliable evidence synthesis in health services research.
  • The findings support the feasibility of combining diverse trial designs in NMA.