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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models
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The Client's Perspective on Voluntary Stuttering.

Courtney T Byrd, Zoi Gkalitsiou, Joe Donaher

    American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
    |July 9, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Voluntary stuttering provides significant benefits for adults who stutter when practiced outside therapy and closely mimics their natural disfluencies. This approach positively impacts emotional, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of stuttering.

    Area of Science:

    • Speech-Language Pathology
    • Psychology

    Background:

    • Voluntary stuttering is a clinical strategy with limited empirical evidence on treatment outcomes.
    • Understanding client perspectives on voluntary stuttering is crucial for optimizing its use.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore client perspectives on the impact of voluntary stuttering on affective, behavioral, and cognitive components of stuttering.
    • To gather data on how different methods of voluntary stuttering influence client-perceived benefits.

    Main Methods:

    • An original survey was developed to investigate client experiences with voluntary stuttering.
    • Data were collected from 206 adults who stutter, analyzing responses based on the type and location of voluntary stuttering practice.

    Main Results:

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    • Clients reported greater affective, behavioral, and cognitive benefits when voluntary stuttering closely matched their own stuttering patterns.
    • Using voluntary stuttering outside the clinical setting correlated with enhanced perceived benefits.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinicians should guide clients to practice voluntary stuttering that mirrors their natural disfluencies.
    • Encouraging out-of-clinic practice of voluntary stuttering can improve client outcomes.
    • It is important for clinicians to acknowledge that clients may not initially perceive benefits from voluntary stuttering.