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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Sacral bone mineral density (BMD) assessment using opportunistic CT scans.

Ryan J Hoel¹, Charles G T Ledonio¹, Takashi Takahashi²

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue South 13 Suite R200, Minneapolis 55454, Minnesota.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

|July 9, 2016

Summary

This study shows that computed tomography (CT) scans can assess sacral bone mineral density. Sacral CT-attenuation strongly correlates with lumbar spine values, enabling opportunistic bone density evaluation.

Keywords:

BMD CT bone mineral density computed tomography lumbosacral fixation sacral sacroiliac fixation sacrum

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Area of Science:

Orthopaedic Research
Radiology
Bone Densitometry

Background:

Assessing sacral bone mineral density is crucial for orthopaedic health.
Current methods for bone density measurement can be time-consuming.
Opportunistic screening using existing imaging could improve efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a reliable method for opportunistic evaluation of sacral bone mineral density.
To investigate the correlation between sacral CT-attenuation and lumbar spine CT-attenuation.
To determine if sacral CT-attenuation can serve as a surrogate for bone mineral density.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 109 renal-protocol computed tomography (CT) scans.
Comparison of sacral CT-attenuation in regions of interest (ROI) with L1 CT-attenuation.
Analysis of sacral ROI to identify variations in attenuation.

Main Results:

Strong positive correlations were found between sacral and L1 CT-attenuation values.
Excluding transitional vertebrae strengthened the correlation between sacral and lumbar spine values.
Sacral CT-attenuation varied predictably by anatomical location, aligning with prior studies.

Conclusions:

Sacral CT-attenuation is a viable metric for opportunistic assessment of sacral bone mineral density.
This method can be integrated into routine CT scans without additional protocols.
The findings support the use of CT scans for non-invasive bone density screening.