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The increased incidence of dementia on the aging population makes this disease a major public health problem. Among known causes of dementia, drug etiology is under considered. We investigated the relationship between exposure to drug therapy and dementia with a case/non-case study using reports of the French Pharmacovigilance database. Among 263 962 adverse effects recorded between 1985 and 2005, 79 (0.03%) are dementia. Median age is 66 (range 3-91). There was 41 women and 37 men. The therapeutic drug class associated with dementia were anticonvulsants, antiparkinsonians, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, antipsychotics and morphinics. An association between reporting of dementia and non neurotropic drugs were also found, i.e. interferon alfa-2B, vancomycin and allopurinol. The term "Dementia" is only mentioned in the summary of the characteristics of valproate, but it may concern other drugs. Drug etiology for dementia is a reality but is not necessarily attributed as a cause in aging population, in particular.