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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
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[Post Stroke Dementia].

Masafumi Ihara1

  • 1Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|July 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Post-stroke dementia (PSD) affects 25-30% of stroke survivors. Controlling vascular risk factors and preventing recurrent strokes are crucial for reducing cognitive decline and post-stroke dementia.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Neurology
  • Cognitive Neurology

Background:

  • Post-stroke dementia (PSD) is a significant consequence of stroke, affecting 25-30% of ischemic stroke survivors.
  • It can manifest immediately or be delayed, encompassing vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia.
  • Risk factors include age, genetics, low education, comorbidities, prior stroke, and depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define post-stroke dementia (PSD) and review its contributing factors and neuroimaging determinants.
  • To assess the current state of clinical trials and prevention strategies for PSD.
  • To highlight the importance of vascular risk control in mitigating cognitive decline post-stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence on post-stroke dementia (PSD).

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  • Analysis of risk factors, including demographic, genetic, and clinical variables.
  • Examination of neuroimaging findings associated with dementia after stroke.
  • Evaluation of published clinical trial outcomes for PSD interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • 25-30% of ischemic stroke survivors develop cognitive impairment or dementia.
    • Key risk factors identified: older age, family history, genetic variants, low education, vascular comorbidities, prior stroke, and depression.
    • Neuroimaging markers include silent infarcts, white matter changes, lacunar infarcts, and medial temporal lobe atrophy.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective prevention and treatment of PSD remain challenging, with limited success in pharmacological trials.
    • Control of vascular disease risk factors and prevention of recurrent strokes are paramount to reducing the incidence and burden of cognitive decline and PSD.
    • Advanced imaging techniques are essential for understanding PSD mechanisms and developing better therapeutic strategies.