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Related Concept Videos

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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[Environmental Risk Factors for Dementia].

Yoshitaka Tashiro1, Ayae Kinoshita

  • 1Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|July 11, 2016
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression is understood from preclinical stages, with amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation starting 20 years prior. Targeting environmental risk factors is currently the most effective strategy for managing AD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Recent advancements in imaging and biomarker research have clarified the natural history of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation in the brain precedes AD onset by over 20 years.
  • This accumulation triggers neurofibrillary tangle formation and cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the early stages of Alzheimer's disease progression.
  • To identify the most effective intervention points for controlling AD.
  • To highlight the role of environmental factors in AD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced imaging techniques to track disease progression.
  • Analyzed biomarker data to identify early pathological changes.
  • Reviewed epidemiological studies on environmental risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed Aβ accumulation begins more than two decades before clinical symptoms.
  • Established a causal link between Aβ accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive decline.
  • Identified specific environmental factors associated with increased AD risk.

Conclusions:

  • Early intervention targeting the preclinical stages of AD is crucial.
  • Suppressing the Aβ accumulation and tangle formation process can control disease activity.
  • Modifying environmental risk factors presents the most realistic and effective approach for managing Alzheimer's disease at this stage.