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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

Muscles of the Abdomen

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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh
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Congenital lateral abdominal wall hernia.

Fernando Montes-Tapia1, Idalia Cura-Esquivel1, Susana Gutiérrez1

  • 1Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Pediatrics Department, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, México.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|July 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare congenital lateral abdominal wall hernia in a patient also diagnosed with anorectal malformation and dextrocardia. Early diagnosis and surgical repair are crucial for associated defects.

Keywords:
congenitalhernialateral abdominal

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Congenital Abnormalities
  • Abdominal Wall Defects

Background:

  • Congenital abdominal wall defects outside the anterior wall are rare and lack standardized classification.
  • The flank/lateral wall and lumbar regions represent areas outside the anterior abdominal wall.

Observation:

  • A case of a 3 cm diameter congenital hernia defect located superior to the anterior axillary line is presented.
  • The defect involved all muscular wall layers.
  • Associated anomalies included a recto-vestibular fistula and dextrocardia.

Findings:

  • The patient presented with a rare lateral abdominal wall hernia.
  • Concurrent anorectal malformation and dextrocardia were identified.

Implications:

  • Lateral abdominal wall hernias may be associated with other congenital anomalies.
  • Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention, ideally before one year of age, are recommended.
  • Comprehensive management of associated defects is critical for patient outcomes.