A Comprehensive Review on Exosomes and Microvesicles as Epigenetic Factors

Exosomes and microvesicles, which are released by most of the cells, play important roles in intracellular correspondence by transferring DNA, messenger RNA, micro RNA, and other types of RNA and proteins. Exosomes and microvesicles may contribute to the distribution of cancers and diseases through delivering the pathogenic agents to the non-infected cells; in cancers, they can modify the cells in the tumor niche and lead them to transformation. In addition, these vesicles can affect stem cell activity and their physiological properties. On the other hand, exosomes and microvesicles can be applied in the therapeutic strategies as they are small, non-viral, flexible and able to cross biological barriers. In this review, we focused on some details about the exosomes and microvesicles both functionally and structurally.