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Cholesteric liquid crystals in rectangular microchannels: skyrmions and stripes.

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  • 1Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA. qwei@kent.edu.

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Summary

Confined cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) in micro-channels exhibit distinct defect textures, including bubble domains (baby-skyrmions) and stripe textures (fingerprints), dependent on channel dimensions and pitch.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) exhibit unique optical properties due to their helical structure.
  • Confining CLCs in micro-structured environments can lead to novel emergent phenomena and defect formations.
  • Understanding these confined structures is crucial for developing advanced optical and electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally and numerically investigate the microstructures of cholesteric liquid crystals confined in micron-channels.
  • To establish a phase diagram of liquid crystal defect textures based on channel geometry.
  • To identify the topological nature of observed defects and their dependence on confinement.

Main Methods:

  • Microfabrication techniques to create precisely controlled rectangular micron-channels with homeotropic surface anchoring.
  • Optical microscopic studies to observe and characterize liquid crystal defect textures.
  • Numerical simulations using a director tensor relaxation approach to determine molecular director fields.

Main Results:

  • A phase diagram was established, correlating channel depth and width with observed liquid crystal defect textures.
  • For channel widths > 2p, vertical alignment, bubble domain defects (baby-skyrmions), and stripe textures (fingerprints) were observed depending on channel depth.
  • Bubble domain size and stripe periodicity increased with channel width; no textures were observed for widths < 2p and depths between 0.6p and 1.1p.

Conclusions:

  • The size of micro-channels significantly influences the type of soliton-like topological textures formed in confined CLCs.
  • Bubble domain defects were identified as baby-skyrmions and stripes as cholesteric fingerprints.
  • The study provides fundamental insights into the behavior of confined CLCs, relevant for micro-device applications.