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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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In Vitro Nuclear Assembly Using Fractionated Xenopus Egg Extracts
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Pre-assembled Nuclear Pores Insert into the Nuclear Envelope during Early Development.

Bernhard Hampoelz1, Marie-Therese Mackmull1, Pedro Machado2

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

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|July 12, 2016
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Summary

Annulate lamellae (AL) insert into the nuclear envelope (NE), delivering nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) during rapid nuclear expansion in Drosophila embryos. This process is developmentally regulated and occurs without compromising the NE barrier.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
  • In metazoan oocytes and embryos, NPCs are found in the nuclear envelope (NE) and annulate lamellae (AL).
  • The role of AL in contributing to NE NPC density remains controversial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism and developmental regulation of AL insertion into the NE.
  • To determine how AL contribute to NPC density at the NE in early Drosophila embryos.
  • To understand the topological and permeability aspects of AL-NE interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Live imaging of Drosophila blastoderm embryos.
  • Electron microscopy to visualize NPC structure and AL-NE interactions.
  • Analysis of NE permeability during AL insertion.

Main Results:

  • Annulate lamellae (AL) insert into the nuclear envelope (NE) during rapid nuclear expansion in Drosophila embryos.
  • NPCs within AL exist as scaffolds and mature upon NE insertion.
  • NE openings are crucial for AL uptake, which does not compromise NE permeability.
  • This pore insertion mechanism is developmentally regulated and occurs before gastrulation.

Conclusions:

  • Annulate lamellae serve as a dynamic source of NPCs for the nuclear envelope in developing Drosophila embryos.
  • NPC insertion via AL is a regulated process essential for rapid nuclear growth.
  • This mechanism highlights a novel pathway for maintaining nuclear envelope integrity and function during development.