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Disentangling proactive and reactive aggression in children using self-report.

Carolien Rieffe1, Evelien Broekhof1, Maartje Kouwenberg2

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This study validates a new self-report questionnaire for assessing reactive and proactive aggression in children. The findings show children can accurately distinguish between these aggressive behaviors, supporting the questionnaire's use.

Keywords:
Reactive and proactive aggressionadolescents.childrenconstruct validityself-report questionnairesocial–emotional functioning

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Aggression in children and adolescents is commonly categorized into proactive and reactive forms.
  • Self-report measures are underutilized despite children being key informants of their own motives.
  • Existing research highlights the need for valid tools to differentiate aggression types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the construct and concurrent validity of a novel self-report questionnaire.
  • To assess the questionnaire's ability to distinguish between reactive and proactive aggression in children.
  • To validate a tool for understanding children's daily aggressive behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • A new self-report questionnaire was administered to 578 children (ages 9-13).
  • The study analyzed the questionnaire's two-factor structure (reactive and proactive aggression).
  • Concurrent and discriminant validity were assessed against measures of emotional and social functioning.

Main Results:

  • The questionnaire demonstrated a robust two-factor structure for reactive and proactive aggression.
  • Children reported engaging in aggressive acts, with higher prevalence in boys.
  • The instrument showed good concurrent and discriminant validity, correlating with emotional and social functioning.

Conclusions:

  • The validated self-report instrument effectively measures reactive and proactive aggression in children.
  • Children are capable of differentiating their motives behind reactive versus proactive aggressive behaviors.
  • This study supports the use of self-report measures for understanding childhood aggression.