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Contrast Enema and Risk of Sepsis in Premature Babies: A 12-Year Retrospective Study

Arpit Agarwal1, Frederick Ogwara1, Peter Homel1

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Maimonides Infants and Children's Hospital, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.

American Journal of Perinatology
|July 12, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Antibiotics significantly reduce the risk of clinical sepsis (CS) following contrast enema (CE) in premature babies (PB). Prophylactic antibiotics before or during CE are crucial for preventing this serious complication in vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Intensive Care
  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Infectious Disease Prevention

Background:

  • Contrast enema (CE) is a diagnostic procedure used in premature babies (PB).
  • Clinical sepsis (CS) is a potential complication following invasive procedures in neonates.
  • The role of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing CE-associated CS in PBs is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between contrast enema (CE) and clinical sepsis (CS) in premature babies (PB).
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics (ABs) in preventing CE-associated CS in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective electronic chart review of preterm infants undergoing CE.
  • Comparison of CS incidence in infants who received ABs during or within 48 hours of CE versus those who did not.
  • Analysis of clinical variables and blood culture results.

Main Results:

  • Overall CS incidence after CE in PBs was 13%.
  • CS incidence was significantly lower in infants receiving ABs (1.2%) compared to those not receiving ABs (24.7%) (p < 0.001).
  • Infants without AB prophylaxis had a higher rate of positive blood cultures and required subsequent AB treatment.

Conclusions:

  • A potential association exists between contrast enema and clinical sepsis in premature babies.
  • Prophylactic antibiotics administered before or during CE significantly reduce the incidence of CS in PBs.
  • Antibiotic prophylaxis is a key preventive strategy for CE-related sepsis in premature infants.

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