Recruitment of Factor H to the Streptococcus suis Cell Surface is Multifactorial

David Roy1, Daniel Grenier2, Mariela Segura3

  • 1Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 7C6, Quebec, Canada. david.roy.6@umontreal.ca.

Insights

Streptococcus suis uses multiple strategies, including surface proteins Fhb and Fhbp, and its capsular polysaccharide, to bind host factor H, aiding bacterial adhesion and immune evasion.

Area of Science:

  • Bacteriology
  • Immunology
  • Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • Streptococcus suis is a significant swine pathogen and zoonotic agent.
  • Surface proteins Fhb and Fhbp of S. suis bind factor H, a complement regulator.
  • Factor H protects host cells from complement-mediated damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of host factor H in S. suis adhesion.
  • To determine the contribution of Fhb, Fhbp, and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) to factor H binding and S. suis virulence.

Main Methods:

  • Adhesion assays using epithelial and endothelial cells.
  • Construction and analysis of S. suis mutants (Fhb, Fhbp, CPS single and triple mutants).
  • Complement component C3b degradation assays in the presence of factor I.
  • Phagocytosis assays with human macrophages and bacterial killing assays with pig blood.

Main Results:

  • Host factor H significantly enhances S. suis adhesion to host cells.
  • Fhb and Fhbp contribute to factor H-dependent adhesion, but are not solely responsible.
  • S. suis capsular polysaccharide (CPS) also recruits factor H, independent of sialic acid.
  • A triple mutant (lacking Fhb, Fhbp, and CPS) still recruits factor H and degrades C3b.
  • The double mutant (lacking Fhb and Fhbp) exhibits similar phagocytosis and killing rates as the wild-type strain.

Conclusions:

  • Factor H recruitment by S. suis is a multifactorial process.
  • Redundant mechanisms ensure factor H binding to the S. suis surface.
  • These findings highlight the complex immune evasion strategies of S. suis.

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