Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1.3K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.3K
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

1.1K
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
1.1K
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

668
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
668
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

877
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
877
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

719
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
719
Optimal Arousal Theory01:23

Optimal Arousal Theory

1.1K
The optimal arousal theory suggests that performance is maximized when an individual experiences a moderate level of arousal. This theory is closely tied to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which illustrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance. The law, formulated by psychologists Robert Yerkes and John Dodson, implies an ideal arousal level for optimal performance, and deviations from this level can lead to declines in effectiveness.
Inverted U-Shaped Performance Curve
The...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Training numerousness to numerosity in the dog (Canis lupus familiaris).

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2025
Same author

The association between self-reported traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological function, and compliance among people serving community sentences.

Brain impairment : a multidisciplinary journal of the Australian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment·2024
Same author

Executive function in individuals who are compliant and non-compliant with the conditions of a community-based sentence.

Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law·2023
Same author

Outcomes in mild hyperphenylalaninemia: a comparison with PKU and healthy controls across cognition, behaviour, and quality of life.

The New Zealand medical journal·2022
Same author

Protected and unprotected cycle lanes' effects on cyclists' behaviour.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2022
Same author

Commuting before and after COVID-19.

Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
07:25

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Published on: March 27, 2019

13.2K

Driving With ADHD: Performance Effects and Environment Demand in Traffic.

Nastassia J S Randell1, Samuel G Charlton1, Nicola J Starkey1

  • 1University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|July 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unmedicated drivers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) made more driving errors in low-demand situations. Medication improved driving performance to levels comparable to controls, highlighting risks for unmedicated individuals.

Keywords:
adult ADHDdriving performanceinattentive errorssustained attentiontask demand

More Related Videos

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

16.9K
Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
11:12

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Published on: September 18, 2012

17.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
07:25

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Published on: March 27, 2019

13.2K
Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

16.9K
Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
11:12

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Published on: September 18, 2012

17.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Traffic Safety

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with cognitive deficits.
  • Driving is a complex task requiring sustained attention and executive function.
  • Previous research suggests potential driving impairments in individuals with ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate on-road driving performance in individuals with ADHD.
  • To determine if driving errors are linked to situational complexity and attentional demands.
  • To compare medicated ADHD drivers, unmedicated ADHD drivers, and control groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized driver license testing procedures for on-road assessments.
  • Evaluated driving performance across urban, residential, rural, and highway environments.
  • Included medicated ADHD drivers, unmedicated ADHD drivers, and neurotypical controls.

Main Results:

  • Unmedicated ADHD drivers exhibited fewer safe driving skills and more errors, especially in low-demand highway and rural conditions.
  • Medicated ADHD drivers performed comparably to control participants.
  • Both ADHD groups reported higher rates of risky driving and crash involvement than controls.

Conclusions:

  • Low attentional demand situations pose significant risks for unmedicated ADHD drivers.
  • Targeting interventions for low-demand driving scenarios may improve safety outcomes for this population.
  • Medication appears to mitigate driving performance deficits in individuals with ADHD.