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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Cross-reactivity00:42

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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

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Allergen immunotherapy now and in the future.

Harold S Nelson1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Allergy/Immunology Division, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
|July 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

New allergy immunotherapy (AIT) methods promise shorter treatment durations than current subcutaneous (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT) options. These innovative approaches aim to improve patient adherence and expand the use of effective allergy treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy are effective for allergic rhinitis and asthma.
  • Current immunotherapies require prolonged treatment durations, leading to poor patient adherence.
  • Many patients do not initiate or complete prescribed courses of SCIT and SLIT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of SCIT and SLIT.
  • To explore novel approaches in allergy immunotherapy (AIT).
  • To address safety and convenience concerns associated with current AIT methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent medical publications on SCIT, SLIT, and emerging AIT strategies.
  • Analysis of new AIT approaches focusing on overcoming safety and convenience issues.

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Main Results:

  • Novel AIT strategies include epicutaneous (patch) delivery, lymph node injections, and modified allergen molecules.
  • Immune response modulation via toll-like receptor stimulation or Th2 suppression is being investigated.
  • Adjuvants like probiotics and vitamin D are explored to enhance AIT efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • New AIT approaches aim to significantly reduce treatment duration compared to current multi-year regimens.
  • Successful development and approval of these novel methods could increase AIT utilization.
  • These advancements hold the potential to benefit a larger allergic population by offering more convenient and potentially faster-acting treatments.