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Systematic review with meta-analysis: ondansetron for vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis

E Tomasik1, E Ziółkowska1, M Kołodziej1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|July 13, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Ondansetron effectively stops vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis within one hour, improving oral rehydration therapy success and reducing hospitalizations. This medication is safe and well-tolerated, with similar side effects to placebo.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Vomiting is a common symptom in pediatric acute gastroenteritis.
  • It frequently leads to the failure of oral rehydration therapy (ORT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the evidence on ondansetron's effectiveness for treating vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis.
  • To update existing evidence on ondansetron's role in improving ORT outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic search of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases up to April 2016.
  • Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with no language restrictions.
  • Examined reference lists of reviews and relevant studies.

Main Results:

  • Ten RCTs involving 1215 children were analyzed.
  • Ondansetron significantly increased vomiting cessation within 1 hour (RR 1.49) compared to placebo.
  • Ondansetron reduced ORT failure (RR 0.5), hospitalization risk (RR 0.53), and need for IV rehydration (RR 0.45).
  • Improved oral fluid intake and showed no effect on emergency department return visits.
  • Adverse effects were comparable between ondansetron and placebo groups.

Conclusions:

  • Ondansetron administration improves the efficacy of oral rehydration therapy in children with acute gastroenteritis.
  • It is an effective intervention for managing vomiting and associated complications.
Abstract

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