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Respiratory Changes in Response to Cognitive Load: A Systematic Review.

Mariel Grassmann1, Elke Vlemincx2, Andreas von Leupoldt2

  • 1Department of Aviation and Space Psychology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Sportallee 54a, 22335 Hamburg, Germany; Research Group on Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Neural Plasticity
|July 13, 2016
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Summary

Breathing patterns change with cognitive load, with faster breathing and higher minute ventilation indicating mental effort. Respiratory variability and gas exchange offer further insights but require more research for reliable use as a cognitive load index.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Cognitive load, the mental effort required for tasks, influences physiological responses.
  • Respiration is a potential, yet under-investigated, indicator of cognitive load.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review empirical studies on respiratory changes during cognitive load.
  • To determine which respiratory parameters reliably indicate cognitive load.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of empirical studies.
  • Analysis of respiratory parameters (time, volume, variability, gas exchange) in response to cognitive load.

Main Results:

  • Faster breathing and increased minute ventilation correlate with higher cognitive load.
  • Respiratory amplitude remains stable; respiratory rate variability shows complex changes.
  • Cognitive load may cause overbreathing (decreased end-tidal CO2) with increased oxygen consumption.

Conclusions:

  • Respiration generally reflects cognitive processing, with specific parameters showing sensitivity to cognitive load.
  • Respiratory variability and gas exchange measures require further validation.
  • Recommendations for future research on respiration and cognitive load are provided.