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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
Published on: August 4, 2021
Reproductive Endocrinology in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Maria C Krog1, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, Ole B Christiansen
1*The RPL Unit, Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark †Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Abstract:
Endocrine disruptions may be important in patients experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This review focuses on data available on RPL and the endocrine system to investigate relevant, and perhaps modifiable, endocrine factors of importance for the disorder. Evidence indicates that some hormones may be important as immune modulators and a better understanding of this interplay has potential for improving pregnancy outcome in RPL. To date there is a lack of consensus on the effect of endocrine treatment options in RPL and there is a strong need for large randomized-controlled trials.
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