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Breastfeeding Duration and Anogenital Distance in 2-Year-Old Infants

Juan Antonio Ortega-García1, Henry Andrés Olano-Soler1, Ana Martínez-Álvarez1

  • 11 Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clinical University Virgen of Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain .

Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
|July 13, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Longer breastfeeding duration is linked to increased anogenital distance (AGD) in boys. Early introduction of infant formula may shorten AGD in male infants, highlighting the importance of breastfeeding for infant development.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Anogenital distance (AGD) is an anthropometric marker influenced by prenatal and early-life androgen exposure.
  • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates are linked to reduced AGD in boys.
  • Limited research exists on phthalate levels in breast milk and infant formula.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and anogenital distance (AGD) in infants.
  • To explore potential impacts of breastfeeding on male infant development markers.

Main Methods:

  • The MALAMA study followed 430 mother-child pairs from birth to 2 years.
  • AGD measurements were taken in a subsample of 71 boys and 49 girls at age 2.
  • Statistical analyses included correlations and linear regressions between AGD and breastfeeding duration.

Main Results:

  • Breastfeeding duration, particularly full breastfeeding (FB), showed a significant positive correlation with AGD in boys (p < 0.05).
  • Anoscrotal distance (AGDAS) and anopenile distance (AGDAP) were positively associated with full breastfeeding.

Conclusions:

  • A positive correlation exists between anogenital distance in male infants and breastfeeding duration.
  • Early introduction of infant formula may be associated with reduced AGD in boys.
Abstract

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