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Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Large Intestine01:09

Large Intestine

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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis
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Intestinal Rotation Anomalies.

Juan Carlos Pelayo, Andrea Lo

    Pediatric Annals
    |July 13, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Intestinal rotation abnormality (IRA) can lead to life-threatening midgut volvulus. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment, like the Ladd

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Surgery
    • Developmental Biology
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Intestinal rotation abnormality (IRA) is a critical condition predisposing to lethal midgut volvulus.
    • Understanding normal intestinal development is key to recognizing and managing IRA.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To enhance clinical suspicion and timely evaluation of IRA by detailing its presentation and consequences.
    • To guide the selection of appropriate imaging modalities for IRA diagnosis.
    • To review surgical and diagnostic management options for IRA.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of intestinal development and embryology.
    • Analysis of clinical presentations and outcomes of missed IRA.
    • Evaluation of diagnostic imaging modalities for IRA.

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  • Assessment of surgical treatments, including Ladd's procedure and laparoscopy.

    • Main Results:

    • Ladd's procedure remains the standard surgical treatment for IRA with or without volvulus.
    • Laparoscopy offers a viable option for IRA diagnosis and treatment.
    • IRA is consistently associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and abdominal wall defects, though Ladd's procedure is rarely needed.
    • IRA prevalence is higher in patients with congenital heart disease and heterotaxy syndrome.

    Conclusions:

    • Timely diagnosis and management of IRA are crucial to prevent midgut volvulus.
    • Multidisciplinary evaluation is essential for asymptomatic patients, particularly those with congenital heart disease and heterotaxy syndrome, to weigh screening benefits and treatment timing.