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NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN HEALTHY CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD IN CENTRAL LOMBOK

Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Ari Prayitno, Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri

    The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
    |July 14, 2016
    PubMed

    Insights

    Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage was common in Indonesian children under five. Most strains were susceptible to common antibiotics, but surveillance is key for vaccination programs.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Pediatrics
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization is often asymptomatic but can lead to severe diseases.
    • Nasopharyngeal carriage is a critical reservoir for pneumococcal transmission and disease.
    • Understanding carriage prevalence and serotypes in children is vital for public health interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and serotypes of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in healthy children under five years of age.
    • To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of carried S. pneumoniae strains.
    • To inform future pneumococcal vaccination strategies in Indonesia.

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 involving 1,200 healthy children aged 2-60 months in Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia.
    • Multiplex sequential PCR was used to identify S. pneumoniae serotypes.
    • Disk diffusion method was employed to determine antimicrobial susceptibility.

    Main Results:

    • Streptococcus pneumoniae was cultured from 554 children (46.2% prevalence).
    • The most frequent serotypes were 6A/B (22%), 19F (11%), 23F (10%), 15B/C (8%), 19A (4%), and 14 (4%).
    • High susceptibility was observed for clindamycin (97%), erythromycin (87%), chloramphenicol (81%), and penicillin (72%). Lower susceptibility was noted for tetracycline (41%) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (38%).

    Conclusions:

    • Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is prevalent in young Indonesian children.
    • While most strains remain susceptible to several key antibiotics, monitoring resistance is crucial.
    • Continuous surveillance of pneumococcal carriage and serotypes is essential for effective vaccination programs in Indonesia.

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